The establishment of the euro represents an important step in the creation of an integrated European economy. Over time it should yield dividends as increased competition and lower transaction costs generate increased efficiency. However, member countries have had to give up their own exchange rates and interest rates, which has created problems for economic management by reducing the number of policy instruments. In particular, the European Central Bank (ECB) must wrestle with how to set interest rates when some countries are booming, while others suffer high unemployment. Asset based reserve requirements (ABRR) can fill this policy instrument gap. Read the rest of this entry »
Asset-Based Stability: A Proposal for the Euro Zone
February 3rd, 2006Debunking the Saving Shortage Theory of the Trade Deficit
January 30th, 2006Americans are justifiably confused by what they hear from economists. On one hand they are repeatedly told that America has a saving shortage problem and it must increase national saving. On the other hand, no sooner do households increase saving and reduce consumption, economists start worrying about recession and possible need to lower interest rates to maintain spending. Read the rest of this entry »
Back to Basics: Progressive Economics for the 21st Century
January 18th, 2006Many Americans have rightly identified China, uncontrolled trade deficits, and Wal-Mart style competition as looming threats to the American economy. However, they remain hard-pressed countering the free market/free trade story of mainstream economists that these are all for America’s long run benefit. Read the rest of this entry »
Export-led Growth: The Elephant in the Room
January 13th, 2006Psychologists refer to the “elephant in the room†phenomenon as a condition where people talk about everything except the most important issue. I recently (January 10, 2006) attended a conference at Washington’s prestigious Institute for International Economics on the likelihood of a financial crisis in developing countries. All morning the elephant sat quietly in the room sipping coffee. Read the rest of this entry »
Silent Spring: How the Democrats lost their Economic Policy Voice
January 5th, 2006In 1962 Rachel Carson published her environmental epic, Silent Spring, which documented how chemical-based agriculture was killing the bird-life and birdsong of America’s countryside. Over the last forty years the Democratic Party has also slowly lost its voice and fallen silent on the economy, with Democrats substituting a laundry list of program plans for economic vision. Read the rest of this entry »
The U.S. Trade Deficit and Net Foreign Income: No Escaping the Problem
December 18th, 2005Economists have long had an obsession with physics, evidenced by the metaphors of utility indifference curves and production iso-quants that derive from 19th century force field physics. Recently (Financial Times, Friday 8 December – not The Onion, April 1), Harvard University economists Ricardo Hausmann and Federico Sturzenegger claim to have discovered financial “dark matter“ that shows that neither the U.S. nor the global economy suffer from international financial imbalances. Consequently, the U.S. trade deficit is no longer an issue of concern. Read the rest of this entry »
Exchange Rates, Labor Standards, and Democracy: Why China Must Change
December 10th, 2005For the past five years the global economy has been flying on one engine. That engine is the U.S. consumer who has been on a consumption binge financed by borrowing, in turn backed by a housing price bubble. This situation poses the threat of a serious hard landing when that engine eventually stalls, as it must. Ever inflating house prices and rising debt-to-income levels are not sustainable. And as the late Herbert Stein, Chairman of President Nixon’s Council of Economic Advisers, wryly observed: “If something cannot go on forever, it will stop.†Read the rest of this entry »
The Politics of Globalization: Why Corporations are Winning and Workers are Losing
November 20th, 2005Domestic political economy has historically been constructed around the divide between capital and labor, with firms and workers being at odds over the division of the economic pie. Within this construction labor is usually represented as a monolithic interest, yet the reality is that labor has always suffered from internal divisions. Globalization sharpens these divisions, which helps explain why corporations have been winning and workers losing. Read the rest of this entry »
Sabotaging Government: The New Politics of the Radical Right
November 20th, 2005Thirty years ago the economic debate between Democrats and Republicans was framed in terms of the case for bigger versus smaller government. Democrats emphasized market proclivities toward monopoly and inequality, failure of markets to efficiently provide public goods, market incentives to pollute, and above all the tendency of markets to produce less than full employment. Republicans countered that such market failures were over-stated. More importantly, using government to solve market failures could lead to even worse problems of government failure associated with bureaucratic inefficiency, policy misjudgments, and private capture of regulatory agencies. In an imperfect world, Republicans argued that it is better to live with the problem of market failure and opt for small government, than try and solve it by resort to big government. Read the rest of this entry »
Asset Bubble Keynesianism versus Economic Flexibility: Challenging the Greenspan Hypothesis
November 12th, 2005If you have a pulpit and say something over and over again, that something may eventually come to be believed. No one has a bigger pulpit than Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the Federal Reserve, who for the last decade has been saying that the secret of America’s prosperity is its economic flexibility. But there is another explanation, which is asset bubble Keynesianism. It too can make for a jolly old time – at least for a while. Read the rest of this entry »